Design of an IoT-Based Smart Water Distribution System in University Campuses in Maiduguri LGA, Borno State
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Background of the Study
Efficient water distribution is critical in ensuring sustainable operations on university campuses, where high water demand coincides with the need for resource conservation. In Maiduguri LGA, Borno State, traditional water distribution systems often suffer from inefficiencies, leakage, and poor management, leading to water wastage and inconsistent supply. IoT-based smart water distribution systems have emerged as a promising solution to address these issues by providing real-time monitoring and automated control of water flow. These systems utilize a network of sensors and actuators that continuously monitor water pressure, flow rate, and quality, transmitting the data to a centralized control unit (Abdullahi, 2023). Through the use of advanced analytics, the system can detect anomalies such as leaks or blockages and automatically adjust valves to optimize water distribution. This technology not only reduces water wastage but also ensures that water is delivered efficiently across campus facilities (Yakasai, 2024). Moreover, the system’s real-time data collection enables proactive maintenance and helps in planning infrastructure upgrades, thereby enhancing the sustainability of water resources. However, the implementation of IoT-based water distribution systems in university campuses is not without challenges. Issues such as high installation costs, the complexity of integrating new systems with existing infrastructure, and cybersecurity concerns related to data transmission pose significant barriers (Nuhu, 2025). This study aims to design and evaluate an IoT-based smart water distribution system specifically tailored for university campuses in Maiduguri LGA. By analyzing system performance, cost-effectiveness, and user satisfaction, the research seeks to provide practical recommendations for enhancing water management practices in academic institutions, ultimately contributing to improved resource conservation and operational efficiency.
Statement of the Problem
University campuses in Maiduguri LGA experience chronic issues with water distribution due to outdated infrastructure and inefficient management practices. The reliance on manual control and periodic inspections has led to frequent water leakage, inconsistent water pressure, and poor water quality, negatively affecting campus operations and sustainability efforts (Abdullahi, 2023). Although IoT-based smart water distribution systems offer real-time monitoring and automated control, their adoption in Maiduguri LGA has been limited by several challenges. High installation costs, integration difficulties with existing piping systems, and inadequate technical support have hindered widespread implementation. Furthermore, concerns regarding data security and system reliability in harsh environmental conditions have further contributed to hesitancy among university administrators (Ibrahim, 2024). Without a robust system to detect and correct water distribution issues promptly, campuses continue to face water wastage and higher operational costs. This study intends to address these challenges by developing an IoT-based smart water distribution system that can effectively manage water resources in university settings. The research will assess the system’s ability to monitor key parameters, detect faults, and optimize water flow in real time. By providing empirical data on system performance and economic viability, the study aims to offer a scalable solution that can be adapted to other campuses facing similar issues. Ultimately, addressing these challenges is critical to ensuring a sustainable and efficient water supply, which is essential for the smooth operation of academic institutions (Suleiman, 2025).
Objectives of the Study
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To design an IoT-based smart water distribution system for university campuses.
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To evaluate the system’s effectiveness in reducing water wastage and ensuring consistent water supply.
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To identify challenges in system integration and propose cost-effective solutions for widespread implementation.
Research Questions
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How does an IoT-based water distribution system improve the efficiency of water management on university campuses?
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What are the primary technical and infrastructural challenges in implementing such a system in Maiduguri LGA?
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What strategies can be recommended to enhance system reliability and reduce installation costs?
Significance of the Study
This study is significant as it examines the potential of IoT-based smart water distribution systems to transform water management in university campuses. By providing real-time monitoring and automated control, the system is expected to reduce water wastage, lower operational costs, and ensure a reliable water supply. The findings will offer critical insights for university administrators, policymakers, and technology developers, contributing to more sustainable and efficient resource management practices in academic institutions (Yakasai, 2024).
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study is limited to the design, implementation, and evaluation of an IoT-based smart water distribution system in university campuses within Maiduguri LGA, Borno State. It focuses on system performance, water management efficiency, and integration challenges. The findings may not be generalizable to non-campus settings or other regions.
Definitions of Terms
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IoT (Internet of Things): A network of connected devices that share data in real time.
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Smart Water Distribution System: An automated system that monitors and controls water flow and quality using sensor technology.
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Water Management: The process of planning, distributing, and controlling water resources effectively.
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